This is the smart AV-Link wireless interface module. The other change in software invokes an RS-232 serial output that can control a TruTrak autopilot. The AV-30 sends basic steering commands in pitch and roll, allowing the pilot to have the autopilot hold heading as we’ll as a selected vertical speed enroute to a preselected altitude.Your paycheck might have a variety of deductions based on whether or not you're receiving benefits, if you live in a state with state income tax, your income, if you claim dependen...xCruze is a series of digital autopilot systems for experimental aircraft cockpits. It interfaces with popular EFIS solutions and offers emergency level mode, AEP stand-by mode, and …Trutrak/BendixKing is currently working on a solution for future installs. The AeroCruze 100 is an affordable and flexible digital autopilot system for Cessna 172, 175, 177, and Piper PA 28 aircraft. The AeroCruze100 provides a seamless integration with the AeroVue Touch EFIS as well as a variety of other manufacturers. Two Standard Servos.All multi-servo TruTrak autopilots require connections to the pitot and static lines. The preferred method of this connection would be tee fittings near the aircraft’s altimeter. The static line for the autopilot requires due care in its construction, as excessive lag or insufficient static orifices can cause the autopilot to oscillate (hunt ...Press and release the lower right knob to again engage the roll axis of the autopilot. The roll servo should be responding at this time, moving the controls only very slowly in attempt to hold bank angle constant. Rotate the lower right knob to the right and select a bank angle of approximately 20 degrees to the right.May 26, 2022 · This is the smart AV-Link wireless interface module. The other change in software invokes an RS-232 serial output that can control a TruTrak autopilot. The AV-30 sends basic steering commands in pitch and roll, allowing the pilot to have the autopilot hold heading as we’ll as a selected vertical speed enroute to a preselected altitude. All Solid-State Sensors. Simple Intuitive User Interface. Climb and Descend on Vertical Speed. Trim Sensing Pitch Servo that Annunciates for Trim. Lighter and Smaller then Comparable Systems. True Control Wheel Steering*. Dims - 2.5"H x 2.5"W x 5.5"D. Flat Pack Dims - 1.6"H x 4.3"W x 5.5"D. Standard weight including servos – 6lb. 2. General Introduction 2.1. About Trutrak and your Vizion autopilot Thank you for purchasing this Trutrak product. At Trutrak, we strive to provide the highest quality avionics and autopilots available in the Standard Category Aviation market. EAA TRUTRAK STC. Following on its groundbreaking work with an STC for Dynon’s D10A/D100 system, at AirVenture 2017 EAA has announced it has completed work on an STC for the TruTrak Vizion Autopilot. EAA STC, LLC, a subsidiary of EAA, now owns a supplemental type certificate (STC) that allows installation of the TruTrak Vizion, including all ...And because Dynon’s autopilot is built on its best-selling EFIS systems, it can respect bank angle, airspeed, and G limitations too. SkyView Autopilot Features. Simplified and Expert Controls are available in SkyView Firmware version 6.0 or higher. Dynon Avionics servos are dimensionally identical to other leading servos for drop-in ...The Dynon 3-axis autopilot - with Yaw Damper - has been certified for installation into the following Beechcraft 35 series Bonanza models and serial numbers: P35: D-6842 through D-7309, except D-7140. S35: D-7140, D-7310 through D-7976. V35: D-7977 through D-8598. V35A: D-8599 through D-9068. V35B: D-9069 through D-9861.The TruTrak autopilot can be defined as being an orthogonal rate system. This means that gyroscopic rate sensors sense motion about each of the major axes (roll, pitch and yaw). These sensors generate the fast signal responses necessary to create an autopilot with the best possible dynamic performance. To fly an aircraft well about the axis ...Dec 3, 2018. #27. So this is what I came up with: TruTrak Vizion $5000 plus EAA STC $100: Total : $5100 plus install at 25 hours (Estimated by TruTrak) Trio Pro Pilot $3495 plus $2750 STC Group install Kit: $6245 plus install at 40 hours (Estimated by Trio) Assuming $100/hr shop. TruTrak installed: $7600.About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...Rev: G Vizion Installation Guide TruTrak Doc: 166 16 recommended. It would also be beneficial to spend some time operating the Vizion autopilot system on the ground to ensure familiarity with modes and controls. 1. Apply power to autopilot and servos and GPS (if equipped).Jul 24, 2019 · Since its founding in 1999, TruTrak has sold well over 15,000 autopilots and continues to introduce new products and features to improve autopilot technology, improve safety features, and add new capabilities. TruTrak’s autopilot systems can fly a wide range of aircraft and fly well in turbulence. They are also easy to install, maintain and use. z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z zAltitude Selector with 50-ft resoultion for approaches. Selectable airspeed for altitude transitions (in addition to VS) True Control Wheel Steering*. Simplified User Interface. Specifications. 12-28 Volts. Dimensions - 1.7"H x 6.25"W x 7"D. Standard weight including servos - 7lb. = Available in 1 day.As Benelux dealer for TruTrak Flight Systems, Lambert Aircraft Engineering is proud to offer the full TruTrak range of products for Ultralight or Experimental category aircraft. Lambert Aircraft Engineering can offer you all available options and accessories for your TruTrak autopilot, as well as installation and full product service.Trutrak ...Autopilots for Experimental Aircraft from Trutrak, Dynon Avionics, and Garmin. Single and 2-Axis Autopilots and Autopilot Options for Experimental/LSA Aircraft.Modern Autopilot Systems - Modern autopilot systems use GPS receivers that enable the autopilot to execute an entire flight plan. Read about the latest modern autopilot systems. Ad...Autopilots for Experimental Aircraft from Trutrak, Dynon Avionics, and Garmin. Single and 2-Axis Autopilots and Autopilot Options for Experimental/LSA Aircraft.In flight thorough review and tutorial of the Trutrak PMA Vizion Autopilot for certified aircraft, also known as the BendixKing AeroCruze 100. I show you mos...Autopilots and Avionics - Autopilots and avionics are aircraft electronic systems. Autopilots are just one part of the avionic system. See how autopilots and avionics work. Adverti...TruTrak could have moved much faster if they had developed an installation that left out some models of different airframes, but they have made a point of developing to include all models, which is a big plus. Who knows when a GFC500 will be available for my 1956 182. TruTrak is now.trutrak doc: 267 1 appendix g vizion pma autopilot piper pa-32 installation restriction on use, duplication, or disclosure of proprietary information this document contains proprietary information of trutrak flight systems, inc. and may not be reproduced, copied, disclosed or utilized in any way, in whole or in part, without theTruTrak also announced that the next models to be added to the STC will be the Cessna 180, 182 and 185 series. in July 2017, TruTrak secured the initial STC for the Vizion Autopilot system. This brought a new level of affordable two-axis autopilot to the Cessna 172 aircraft. The Cessna 177 Cardinal series was added in early fall 2017.KX 200 NAV/COMM RADIO. General aviation’s newest and most advanced NAV/COM radio is pilot-friendly by design. AEROCRUZE 230 (KFC 230) AUTOPILOT. Replace outdated technology with AeroCruze 230 form-fit for legacy KFC 150/KFC 200 autopilots. Experience a new level of safety with features like altitude pre-select, auto level, and mode …TruTrak Doc: 167 4. Autopilot Display The autopilot display shows operating modes and associated data. When displaying operating modes, the left side shows lateral data and the right side shows vertical data. 4.1. GPS Signal Status 4.1.1. Autopilot Not Engaged The current GPS signal status is indicated in the top left corner of the display.Autopilots & Indicators. The AeroCruze 100 is an affordable and flexible digital autopilot system for Cessna 172, 175, 177, 180, 182, 185 and Piper PA 28, PA 32 aircraft. Aerocruze 230/330 Autopilot is the slide in aviation autopilot replacement for the BendixKing KFC 150 Autopilot. The KCS 305 Slaved Gyrocompass System is lightweight, accurate ...Nov 26, 2018 ... Comments4 · Trutrak Vizion Autopilot in a Cherokee | Review and Tutorial | LPV Approach |BendixKing Aerocruze100 · Tech Tips Servo Install Part 1.http://www.sportaviationmagazine.com -- TruTrak Vizion 385 - Dan Johnson gives us a quick look at the TruTrak Vizion series of autopilot for light sport aircraft from …We finished installing a pair of G5's and the TruTrak head unit. Waiting on a bracket for the aileron servo from TruTrak to complete the installation, but the head unit and the wiring has been installed. I've never flown with an autopilot before, so I'm looking forward to learning something new. The G5's were installed in December/January, and ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...Red barns are a common sight in rural parts of the country, but have you ever wondered why they're painted red? Learn about the purpose of red barns. Advertisement If you've ever d...Robotic mowing and landscaping is on the rise. See how Robin Autopilot services are benefitting homeowners and commercial property owners. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Vide...Autopilots for Experimental Aircraft from Trutrak, Dynon Avionics, and Garmin. Single and 2-Axis Autopilots and Autopilot Options for Experimental/LSA Aircraft.Note: The default baud rate is 4800. This is the baud rate that will entered into the autopilot in the setup mode. The yellow wire is the Data out TX wire. Now the AvMap EKP IV is correctly set up to provide the RS-232 serial output required by your TruTrak autopilot. Garmin 35-HVS Connect Red to Power and Black to Ground then Blue to Serial input.In heading mode, I can drive the autopilot using the heading bug on the S-Tec DG. If ATC says, "turn 050," I can turn the heading bug to 050 and the autopilot will turn the plane to that heading. I'm about to have dual Garmin G5s and a Bendix King Aerocruze 100 (TruTrak) installed in the next few weeks.Trutrak Gemini xCruze 110(nowadays part of Bendix King).In this video I show you how to manage your pressure setting, altitude select and course bug.Recently we decided to make our templates jQuery-free. Please enjoy this list of admin dashboard templates without jQuery dependencies. Receive Stories from @anaThe AeroCruze 100 is an affordable and flexible digital autopilot system for Cessna 172, 175, 177, 180, 182, 185 and Piper PA 28 and PA 32 aircraft. The AeroCruze 100 provides a seamless integration with the AeroVue Touch EFIS as well as a variety of other manufacturers. Complete system is offered at a low cost, with the choice of three form ... Trutrak Flight Systems manufactures avionics designed for Experimental and Light Sport/LSA aircraft. Filter Display Order Sort by Display Order Sort Relevance Name: A to Z Name: Z to A Price: Low to High Price: High to Low Newest Arrivals Display Order The xCruze 100 is an affordable and flexible digital autopilot system for Vans RV-4, RV-6, RV-7, RV-8. RV-9, and RV-10 aircraft. The xCruze 100 provides a seamless integration with the AeroVue Touch EFIS as well as a variety of other manufacturers. The complete system is offered at a low cost, with the choice of three form-factor variations ... TruTrak Flight Systems 3 Vizion 380/385 Series Autopilot Installation Manual December 2014 8300-086 Rev A Vizion Ground Checkout Once installation and setup of the autopilot are complete (see Operation Manual for setup and operation instructions), a ground checkout is a good idea before the first flight of the system. http://m0a.com Learn how we took our 1972 C172 and added a certified Autopilot thanks to the team at TruTrakThe European Union Aviation Safety Agency's list of requirements for recertification sent to the FAA reportedly raises new concerns involving the Boeing 737 MAX's Autopilot. Issues...Note: The default baud rate is 4800. This is the baud rate that will entered into the autopilot in the setup mode. The yellow wire is the Data out TX wire. Now the AvMap EKP IV is correctly set up to provide the RS-232 serial output required by your TruTrak autopilot. Garmin 35-HVS Connect Red to Power and Black to Ground then Blue to Serial input.one fo the first flights testing the new panel mount of the Garmin Aera 660. coupled to the TruTrak Gemini AP. I still have to attach the Garmin GDL50 as we ...The AeroCruze 100 is an affordable and flexible digital autopilot system for Cessna 172, 175, 177, 180, 182, 185 and Piper PA 28 and PA 32 aircraft. The AeroCruze 100 provides a seamless integration with the AeroVue Touch EFIS as well as a variety of other manufacturers. Complete system is offered at a low cost, with the choice of three form ...Have had every model of the Trutrak, and. they have been effective and reliable -- currently have the vizion --- however, the small Garmin, Dynon, or GRT mini-PDFs driving their autopilots would probably be a safer bet, at this point, in time. If you ever decide to do the complete EFIS panel, the mini's become great backups.In flight thorough review and tutorial of the Trutrak PMA Vizion Autopilot for certified aircraft, also known as the BendixKing AeroCruze 100. I show you mos...Vizion 380/385 Series Autopilots Installation Manual 8300-086 Rev IR TRUTRAK FLIGHT SYSTEMS 1500 S. Old Missouri Road Springdale, AR 72764 POSTAL SERVICE ADDRESS P.O. Box 189 Springdale, AR 72765-0189 …Authorized Garmin Dealer to confirm compatibility with your specific autopilot. Make and Model PFD HSI Native GPSS GPSS HDG Emulation Flight Director GYRO (attitude) BARO Correction Yaw Rate BENDIX M4C M4D CENTURY II / III IV AC, IV DC 21,31 41Feb 2, 2022 · Here is a review of the Trutrak (Aerocruze 100) autopilot after having it for about 2 years. Overall, I am not entirely happy with it but it does a good enou... http://www.sportaviationexpos.com - Vizion 385 autopilot from Trutrak with emergency straight and level button. For light sport and experimental light sport ...The Trutrak autopilot can be defined as being an orthogonal rate system. This means that gyroscopic rate sensors are installed so as to sense motion about each of the major axes (roll, pitch and yaw). These sensors generate the fast signal responses necessary to create an autopilot with the best possible dynamic performance.TruTrak has been making autopilots for the experimental-light sport market for years, and through the efforts of EAA STC, they received the STC for certified aircraft in 2017. The autopilot was well received by legacy aircraft owners, and much to my surprise and that of the industry, Bendix King announced that it was buying TruTrak in 2019.TruTrak Flight Systems is now selling autopilot install kits for the Cessna 172 F through R models and the Cessna 177 after the Experimental Aircraft Association obtained the STC for the installation.Specs. Included. The xCruze 110 autopilot was created with both, the VFR and IFR pilot in mind. The new emergency level mode was designed primarily for the VFR pilot that inadvertently finds himself in IMC. The operation of the altitude select and altitude preselect modes were designed to be extremely useable and useful in IFR flight, even to ... Summary of Contents for TruTrak Gemini Autopilot. Page 1 Gemini Autopilot Installation Manual 8300-088 Rev IR TRUTRAK FLIGHT SYSTEMS 1500 S. Old Missouri Road Springdale, AR 72764 POSTAL SERVICE ADDRESS P.O. Box 189 Springdale, AR 72765-0189 Ph: 479-751-0250 Fax: 479-751-3397 www.trutrakap.com... A review of the TruTrak ECO autopilot, a simple and affordable system that holds heading, track, and altitude, and provides envelope protection. The author flew the ECO in a RV-10 and compared …The Digitrak autopilot by TruTrak keeps the plane level and on the selected true course. We have used that autopilot for several months and are impressed by its performance. Two situations have come up where the autopilot took a strange action. In both cases, we had caused the problem. Below, we describe the two problems and …All multi-servo TruTrak autopilots require connections to the pitot and static lines. The preferred method of this connection would be tee fittings near the aircraft’s altimeter. The static line for the autopilot requires due care in its construction, as excessive lag or insufficient static orifices can cause the autopilot to oscillate (hunt ...Need a e-commerce app development company in Los Angeles? Read reviews & compare projects by leading app developers for e-commerce apps. Find a company today! Development Most Popu...Unless you have a Cessna 177RG, this video may not be much use to you unless you just like to watch someone work on planes. There will be two more parts, th...The Vizion autopilot is a complete overhaul of Trutrak's popular Digiflight II autopilot. Vizion adds altitude select / altitude preselect as well as an emergency autopilot level button. Also new are a few user interface changes that simplify operation for both VFR and IFR operation. Vizion can connect to both hand-held GPS units and IFR panel ...TruTrak is a maintstay in the experimental market with its well-regarded, sophisticated autopilots at affordable prices. Now, following the lead of EAA and Garmin, TruTrak aims to make its new Vizion autopilot available for certified airplanes, starting with the Cessna 172. And this is no stripped down wing lever, but a full-featured three-axis autopilot that even includes some envelope ...Sep 6, 2017 · All TruTrak autopilots require connections to the pitot and static systems. The preferred method of this connection would be tee fittings near the aircraft’s altimeter. The static line for the autopilot requires due care in its construction, as excessive lag 2 – if the autopilot is connected to a G5, 0 – if the autopilot is connected to any other GPS 28)PRESS KNOB to exit menu and return to home screen. 29)Do not remove power from autopilot. 4.2. Vertical Autopilot Settings 1) PRESS and HOLD ALT button until VRT ACTIVITY is shown. 2) ROTATE KNOB to select a VRT ACTIVITY of 16.“I am Korak,” he said. “I opened the cage that held you. I saved you from the Tarmangani. I am Korak, The Killer. I am your friend.” Receive Stories from @edgarriceburroughs Publis...Feb 15, 2018 · TruTrak also awaits the go-ahead to add Cessna 180-, 182-, and 185-series aircraft to the STC’s approved model list (AML). “The plan for the remainder of 2018 is to concentrate on adding many aircraft to the AML,” the company said in a news release. The Vizion autopilot is TruTrak’s first autopilot manufactured for certified aircraft. Select ‘Advanced NMEA Setup’ and press ENTER. Using the arrow keypad and the ENTER key to select “FAST OUTPUT” or turn OFF ‘GPS Status (GSA, GSV)’, ‘Waypoint/Route (WPL, RTE)’, and ‘GARMIN Proprietary’. Now the Garmin 296 is correctly set up to provide the RS-232 serial output required by your TruTrak autopilot.Phone. +1-800-493- 6896. Autopilots Wentworth Aircraft is the world’s largest retailer of used AUTO-PILOTS, we can outfit you with a complete S-TEC, CENTURY & TRUTRAK system for a variety of aircraft including: Piper Cherokee, Comanche, single & twin engine Cessna, Mooney, Beechcraft, Bellanca & experimental aircraft.Unlike most used system ...The US is 51,000 truckers short. The autonomous car industry is booming. Waymo has turned a moonshot self-driving car project into actual vehicles that only need human intervention...TruTrak has been making autopilots for the experimental-light sport market for years, and through the efforts of EAA STC, they received the STC for certified aircraft in 2017. The autopilot was well received by legacy aircraft owners, and much to my surprise and that of the industry, Bendix King announced that it was buying TruTrak in 2019.1 – if the autopilot is connected to an ASPEN, 2 – if the autopilot is connected to a G5, 0 – if the autopilot is connected to any other GPS 28)PRESS KNOB to exit menu and return to home screen. 29)Do not remove power from autopilot. 4.2. Vertical Autopilot Settings 1) PRESS and HOLD ALT button until VRT ACTIVITY is shown.Autopilot Installation, Setup & Testing GRT Avionics 6 Revision B 2.2 General Servo Hardware & Mounting Guidelines GRT’s servos were designed as a drop-in hardware replacement for most TruTrak and Dynon servos, making hardware upgrades easy for people with older autopilot systems who wish to retrofit their aircraft with a GRT system.Operating!Handbook!! For!! Vizion380/385Series!Autopilots!!!!! TRUTRAK!FLIGHTSYSTEMS!! 1500S.!OldMissouri!Road! Springdale,!AR!72764! Ph.!479Q751Q0250Fax479Q751Q3397!
Aug 26, 2019 · TruTrak Flight Systems, Inc. Airplane Flight Manual Supplement 1488 S. Old Missouri Rd. TruTrak Vizion Autopilot Springdale, AR 72764 AML Number: SA04231CH FAA APPROVED TruTrak Doc. #: 176 Revision D DATE: _____ Page 4 of 19 1. General The TruTrak Vizion autopilot is a two-axis autopilot, which connects to the ailerons . Howie carr muck rack
Oct 5, 2019 ... Dynon Skyview HDX controls a Trutrak for Certified Autopilot using Heading for lateral guidance. The HDX also commands the Trutrak with its ...The AeroCruze 100 is an affordable and flexible digital autopilot system for Cessna 172, 175, 177, 180, 182, 185 and Piper PA 28 and PA 32 aircraft. The AeroCruze 100 provides a seamless integration with the AeroVue Touch EFIS as well as a variety of other manufacturers. Complete system is offered at a low cost, with the choice of three form ...Once the aircraft is off the ground and at a safe altitude, the autopilot can be engaged. There are two ways to engage the autopilot. Clicking the knob will engage the autopilot and the “AP” light will light up. If a GPS signal is present, the autopilot will display the ground track before being engaged and will now hold the track. If there isGX Pilot Series Autopilots Installation/User Manual Rev B TRUTRAK FLIGHT SYSTEMS 1500 S. Old Missouri Road Springdale, AR 72764 POSTAL SERVICE ADDRESS P.O. Box 189 Springdale, AR 72765-0189 Ph: 479-751-0250 Fax: 479-751-3397 www.trutrakap. PAGE 2. PAGE 3Re: Tru-Trak Autopilot Approved for C-180,182,185. onefitty wrote: Tru-Trak is certainly the better choice over the Trio. Once installed, it just works. The Trio is somewhat challenging for some installations and requires quite a lot of fine tuning to get it functioning well. Some of our customers chose the Trio over the Tru-Trak simply …TruTrak Autopilot display failure. Thread starter Mr Nipper; Start date Apr 3, 2021; M. Mr Nipper Member. Apr 3, 2021 #1 Hi Guys, My TruTrak 2 autopilot head (rectangular) display is failing. Repair by the agents is more than a …By closing this window you acknowledge that your experience on this website may be degraded. The STC was awarded on July 19, 2017. This is the first autopilot manufactured by TruTrak to be approved for certified aircraft. TruTrak will begin delivering complete autopilot systems during EAA AirVenture, which begins Monday, July 24, 2017. The autopilot system cost is $4000, the install kit is $1000, and the STC from EAA is priced at $100. SYSTEMology Puts Your Business on Autopilot; Create time, reduce errors and scale your profits with proven business systems. A step-by-step guide to systematize your business. If y...Operating!Handbook!! For!! Vizion380/385Series!Autopilots!!!!! TRUTRAK!FLIGHTSYSTEMS!! 1500S.!OldMissouri!Road! Springdale,!AR!72764! …Here are 5 ways to coordinate makeup colors. Learn 5 ways to coordinate makeup colors in this article. Advertisement When it comes to choosing makeup, far too many women operate on...Re: Tru-Trak Autopilot Approved for C-180,182,185. onefitty wrote: Tru-Trak is certainly the better choice over the Trio. Once installed, it just works. The Trio is somewhat challenging for some installations and requires quite a lot of fine tuning to get it functioning well. Some of our customers chose the Trio over the Tru-Trak simply because ...The xCruze 100 is an affordable and flexible digital autopilot system for Vans RV-4, RV-6, RV-7, RV-8. RV-9, and RV-10 aircraft. The xCruze 100 provides a seamless integration with the AeroVue Touch EFIS as well as a variety of other manufacturers. The complete system is offered at a low cost, with the choice of three form-factor variations ...Created Date: 20200608190229ZFor the aircraft owner, upgrading offers reliability and advanced features. However, the cost of upgrading can be high. Prices for entry-level autopilots such as the BendixKing AeroCruze 100 (formerly TruTrak) start at just over $5,000 and advanced autopilots such as the Genesys Aerosystems S-TEC 3100 can easily exceed $20,000 with three-axis ...TruTrak Flight Systems, a manufacturer of autopilots for certified, experimental, and light sport aircraft, announced receiving approval to add more Cessna and Piper single-engine airplane models to its …Downloads & Manuals. If you can’t find what your are looking for, please contact Technical Support. Current/Discontinued. System. Part Name. Type. Document Title. System. Part Name.The TruTrak Vizion PV 30 is a state-of-the-art autopilot system that provides pilots with the utmost in precision and efficiency. In this video, we will show you how to set up and use the...All multi-servo TruTrak autopilots require connections to the pitot and static lines. The preferred method of this connection would be tee fittings near the aircraft’s airspeed indicator. The static line for the autopilot requires due care in its construction, as excessive lag or insufficient static orifices can cause the autopilot to ...Need a e-commerce app development company in Los Angeles? Read reviews & compare projects by leading app developers for e-commerce apps. Find a company today! Development Most Popu...z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z.