How tall was ed kemper - In the Fall of 1963, Ed Kemper, now 14 years-old, was allowed to go to Los Angeles to the home which his father, Edmund Emil Kemper Jr. II, shared with his new wife, Elfriede Weber, and her son from a previous marriage, Gilbert Otto Brechtefeld, who was two years older than Kemper. The second Mrs. Kemper quickly began to feel …

 
Just a few hours after California 's mass murderer Edmund Kemper, 24, was convicted on eight counts of first degree murder, he kept a promise and granted me an exclusive interview. It was not my first person-to-person talk with the young killer. As a reporter assigned to cover the grisly murder investigation (I’ll Show You Where I Buried the …. Shelter in place canon city

The PROFILER Player offers a selection of some the finest effects in the world. As a company, KEMPER is also responsible for creating the ACCESS™ VIRUS™, one of the most successful synthesizers of all time. Nearly 25 years of experience. Along with the standard effects, you will find algorithms rarely seen in a guitar processor - these ...As mentioned in Ed Kemper – Conversations with a Killer, he was taller and stronger than 90 percent of the highly paid NBA players of his time. If he wasn’t athletic, he still could have used his size and strength to become a blocking offensive guard in football, possibly channeling his internal rage and making it all the way to the NFL.Kemper was nicknamed the Co-ed Killer, as most of his victims were female college students hitchhiking in the vicinity of Santa Cruz County, California. He stands at a height of 6 feet 9 inches (2.06 m). Most of his murders included necrophilia, with some incidents of rape. [2] [3]”. Source: Wikipedia.Ed Kemper murdered 10 people in the 60s and 70s including his mother and her best friend. ... Standing at 6ft, 9in tall with an exceptionally high IQ, he was convicted for his crimes in 1973 after ... He could be a stronger 6'5", like a quarter to half inch over. I think they have under average actors as the prison guards to make him look more in proximity to Edmund Kemper's real 6'9" height. Man, Kemper at that height and near 300 pounds is a terrifying figure, those poor women he victimized never stood a chance. Jun 14, 2019 · The height of a serial killer certainly does not determine their level of maliciousness. Edmund Kemper towered at an intimidating 6' 10" while Charles Manson sat at a miniscule 5' 2". Nevertheless, it's fascinating to learn the heights of the most famous serial killers; it gives a little insight... Aug 19, 2019 · Serial killer Edmund Kemper carried out some of the most horrifying and twisted murders ever committed in America. The 6 foot 9 inch giant, known to friends as Big Ed, murdered 10 people ... Kemper was eventually rejected from the position due to his weight (being 300 pounds and standing at almost 7 feet tall will get you the name "Big Ed"). Unable to find work, the 21-year-old began pursuing other pastimes, notably taking an interest in the large number of young women hitchhiking in the area. This is the story of Ed Kemper: The Co-Ed Killer. CHILDHOOD. Edmund Emil Kemper III was born December 18, 1948 in Burbank, California to Edmund Emil Kemper II and Clarnell Elizabeth Kemper. Both his parents were very tall people - Clarnell being 6 feet tall and Edmund Kemper II being 6 feet 8 inches - and young Kemper weighed 13 lbs as a newborn. Edmund Kemper was born on December 18, 1948, in Burbank, California, to Edmund Emil Kemper II and Clarnell Elizabeth Kemper. His parents had an arranged marriage devoid of love and mutual respect.[1] [4] ... He was tall and awkward, standing at 6'4" by the time he was 15. People were intimidated by Ed, and they mostly shunned him …Nov 23, 2021 ... Serial killer Edmund Kemper killed six women in California and several members of his family. Join this channel to get access to perks: ...During the two-hour special "Kemper on Kemper: Inside the Mind of a Serial Killer," former investigator with the Santa Cruz Public Defender's Office Harold Cartwright opened up about what it was like working on "Co-Ed Killer" Ed Kemper's defense team."Tell you a little bit about my interaction with Eddy, with Ed Kemper," said Cartwright. "One …After finding he was too tall to join the police, he takes on a series of unremarkable jobs.May 1972 Kemper murders hitchhiking students Mary Ann Pesce and Anita Luchessa. ... Edmund Kemper. Despite Edmund Kemper having killed two people, save for one examination by a panel of psychiatrists after his parole, he receives little in the form of ... How tall is Ed Kemper? Massive serial killer's height in feet and cms. The Co-Ed Killer is one of the biggest serial killers in history, towering over everyone he ... In the Fall of 1963, Ed Kemper, now 14 years-old, was allowed to go to Los Angeles to the home which his father, Edmund Emil Kemper Jr. II, shared with his new wife, Elfriede Weber, and her son from a previous marriage, Gilbert Otto Brechtefeld, who was two years older than Kemper. The second Mrs. Kemper quickly began to feel …Ed Sheeran is a singer-songwriter who has taken the music industry by storm with his unique blend of acoustic ballads and collaborative tracks. With his soulful voice and heartfelt...Burgess said Kemper's "expansive" transcripts "set the tone" for their study, and out of the 36 killers they interviewed, Kemper was the "most articulate." Douglas also said the team was able to define three categories of murderers — serial killers, mass murderers and spree killers. "A serial murder is three or more people with a cooling off ...The PROFILER Player offers a selection of some the finest effects in the world. As a company, KEMPER is also responsible for creating the ACCESS™ VIRUS™, one of the most successful synthesizers of all time. Nearly 25 years of experience. Along with the standard effects, you will find algorithms rarely seen in a guitar processor - these ...When it comes to driver’s education, Texas teens have two main options to choose from: Aceable drivers ed and traditional drivers ed. Both methods aim to provide the necessary know...tall isn't always a plus. serial-spree killer Edmund Kemper was 6'9'' and had an IQ something over 140. ... Not condoning any actions or anything, just saying. If an extremely tall person decides to go on a killing spree, their height isn't doing them any favors if they're trying to avoid being caught. Thus, it isn't a plus for them. In all Kemper - The Co-ed Killer - killed 10 people between 1964 and 1973. ... Kemper was almost seven feet tall by this time, but his mother’s attitude dwarfed him ... Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition that leaves men unable to get or keep an erection for long enough to enjoy sex. If this sounds familiar, then rest assured that you’re not ...Edmund Emil Kemper III was an American serial killer, serial rapist, and necromancer who murdered ten people, including his grandparents and mother. He is known to be 6 feet 9 inches tall and intellectually tall, possessing an IQ of 145.Kemper's most recent parole hearing was in 2017, and he waived his right to be considered, as he has done repeatedly since 1985. Monte Ralph Rissell, as played by Sam Strike in Netflix's "Mindhunter".Ed Kemper: the true story of the serial killer portrayed by Cameron Britton in Mindhunter ... Kemper attended college and even applied to join the police force. But due to his height – 6ft 9in ...Ed Kemper. Ed Kemper was born on 18 December 1948 in Burbank, California, USA. Menu. Movies. ... Stood six-foot-four inches tall, at the age of 15.How Tall Is Edmund Kemper? Edmund Kemper height is 6 feet 9 inches. Or in metric units - 206 centimetres. This page may contain affiliate links marked with . Read more about our disclaimer. Name: Edmund …Get ratings and reviews for the top 12 pest companies in Citrus Heights, CA. Helping you find the best pest companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects...In today’s fast-paced world, having access to reliable customer service is essential. When it comes to insurance companies, being able to reach them quickly and easily can make all...If you’re a teenager in Texas looking to get your driver’s license, you’ve probably heard of Aceable Drivers Ed. With its user-friendly online course and innovative approach to dri...Zodiac information, height details, and other interesting age facts about Edmund Kemper. Search for date. Search. Edmund Kemper Serial killer. Born on December 18, 1948. 75 years old. Celebrities born in 1948. ... Edmund Kemper is about 6 ft 9 inches tall. That is 206 in cm or 2.06 in meters.Kemper had applied to become a state trooper, but he was rejected because of his size — he weighed around 300 pounds and was 6 feet 9 inches tall, which led to his nickname “Big Ed.”Kemper was eventually rejected from the position due to his weight (being 300 pounds and standing at almost 7 feet tall will get you the name "Big Ed"). Unable to find work, the 21-year-old began pursuing other pastimes, notably taking an interest in the large number of young women hitchhiking in the area.Kemper's most recent parole hearing was in 2017, and he waived his right to be considered, as he has done repeatedly since 1985. Monte Ralph Rissell, as played by Sam Strike in Netflix's "Mindhunter". 99 votes, 25 comments. 150K subscribers in the tall community. A subreddit for tall-related topics. Come ask questions, post your pictures, whatever… Kemper in April 1973. Edmund Emil Kemper III (born December 18, 1948), ... Kemper is widely known for his high intelligence and giant stature, standing 6 foot 9 inches (or 2.06 m) tall and having an IQ of 145, features that left his victims with little chance to overcome him.While at least one study showed that the average IQ of a serial killer is only 94.7, the people on this list proved to be quite intelligent - though they were also phenomenally cruel. From Unabomber Ted Kaczynski to the imposing Edmund Kemper, this list breaks down the IQs and crimes of 11 infamous serial killers.At 6 foot 9 inches tall, and weighing well over 250 pounds, the bespectacled killer’s imposing size belies a keen intelligence and disarmingly affable personal manner. … Edmund Emil Kemper III is an American serial killer who was active in the early 1970s in Santa Cruz, California. He is known to have murdered ten people, including his paternal grandparents and his mother. He is currently serving eight life sentences at the California Medical Facility (CMF) in Vacaville, where he is considered a model prisoner. From the Co-Ed Killer to the Shoe Fetish Slayer. MINDHUNTER. Ashley Boucher. October 17, 2017 @ 3:30 PM. Share on Social Media. ... Edmund Kemper aka the Co-ed Killer. 99 votes, 25 comments. 150K subscribers in the tall community. A subreddit for tall-related topics. Come ask questions, post your pictures, whatever… Kemper is six-foot-nine and reportedly has an IQ of 145. When he was 15, he murdered both of his grandparents and was sent to the criminally insane unit of the Atascadero State Hospital, where he ...Elizabeth Claire Kemper (born May 2, 1980) is an American actress, best known for her roles of Erin Hannon in the sitcom The Office (2009–2013) and Kimmy Schmidt in the sitcom Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (2015–2019). She has also appeared in films, notably Bridesmaids (2011), 21 Jump Street (2012), Sex Tape (2014), and Home Sweet Home …Ed Kemper. On January 7, 1973, serial killer Ed Kemper picked up 18-year-old hitchhiker and college student Cindy Schall in Aptos, California. After driving her to a secluded area, Kemper forced her into the trunk of his car and shot her once in the head, killing her instantly. Kemper then brought Schall’s body back to his mother’s house ...According to Kemper himself, his father forgave him during their 1971 reunion. In June 1971, Ed Kemper tries to get in touch with his father whom he has not seen since his imprisonment at Atascadero. He manages to find his address and telephone number through the electricians’ union directory in Los Angeles. His father refuses to …The Co-Ed Killer was born on December 18, 1948, and he had a strained relationship with his mother, according to Biography. She was an alcoholic who blamed Kemper for her problems. When he was 10 ...Oct 24, 2019 · Ed Kemper murdered 10 people in the 60s and 70s including his mother and her best friend. ... Standing at 6ft, 9in tall with an exceptionally high IQ, he was convicted for his crimes in 1973 after ... The story of Edmund Kemper III first surfaced when at fourteen he killed his grandparents in a cool rage. After five years in a California hospital for sex offenders, this intelligent giant (IQ 136; height 6'9") emerged to carry out the meticulously rehearsed murders of six hitchhiking girls, culminating in the murder, mutilation - and more - of his …Ed Kemper’s sentencing. Santa Cruz Superior Court Judge Harry Brauer sentenced convicted mass murderer Edmund Emil Kemper III to life imprisonment. He said the sentences on 8 counts of first-degree murder would run concurrently, a move that made the parole of 6-foot-9 Kemper a possibility. Kemper had confessed the killing of six coeds, his ...Drawing from David Jouvent for his upcoming graphic novel about Ed Kemper. “My relations with the police were much exaggerated at the time of my crimes. I knew two or three agents. The bar I went to wasn’t in front of the police station, it was more than sixteen hundred feet away, in front of the courthouse. The Jury Room, Joe Mandela’s ...Drawing from David Jouvent for his upcoming graphic novel about Ed Kemper. “My relations with the police were much exaggerated at the time of my crimes. I knew two or three agents. The bar I went to wasn’t in front of the police station, it was more than sixteen hundred feet away, in front of the courthouse. The Jury Room, Joe Mandela’s ...Jul 25, 2022 · Kemper, who became known as the “Co-Ed Killer,” was arrested four days later, after he drove to Pueblo, Colorado, and called the police from a phone booth to confess. [Stream an episode of A&E’s First Blood, on Ed Kemper and his victims in the A&E App.] A jury found him guilty of eight counts of first-degree murder on November 8, 1973. Edmund Emil Kemper III is a convicted serial killer from America. Between 1964 and 1973, he murdered ten people, including his paternal grandparents and mother. A native of California, Kemper, whose mother was an abusive woman, had a turbulent childhood. At the age of ten, he killed the family cat. Five years later, he committed his first set ... Ed Kemper. 31 languages. ... Kemper is widely known for his high intelligence and giant stature, standing 6 foot 9 inches (or 2.06 m) tall and having an IQ of 145, ... Ed Kemper (Edmund Emil Kemper III) was born on 18 December, 1948 in Burbank, California, USA, is an Actor. Discover Ed Kemper's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates.Kemper was eventually rejected from the position due to his weight (being 300 pounds and standing at almost 7 feet tall will get you the name "Big Ed"). Unable to …In this chilling documentary, we examine the disturbing case of Edmund Kemper, a serial killer known as the "Co-ed Killer." Between 1964 and 1973, Kemper mur...Kemper is six-foot-nine and reportedly has an IQ of 145. When he was 15, he murdered both of his grandparents and was sent to the criminally insane unit of the Atascadero State Hospital, where he ...Kemper's most recent parole hearing was in 2017, and he waived his right to be considered, as he has done repeatedly since 1985. Monte Ralph Rissell, as played by Sam Strike in Netflix's "Mindhunter".In all Kemper - The Co-ed Killer - killed 10 people between 1964 and 1973. Kemper suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and murdered his own mother as the culmination of a string of intensive and fatal attacks. ... Kemper was almost seven feet tall by this time, but his mother’s attitude dwarfed him into a doll sized ego. Kemper had little to ...Elizabeth Claire Kemper is an American actress, comedian, and writer, best known for her roles of Erin Hannon in the sitcom The Office (2009–2013) and Kimmy Schmidt in the sitcom Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (2015–2019). She has also appeared in films, notably Bridesmaids (2011), 21 Jump Street (2012), Sex Tape (2014), and Home Sweet Home …Dec 7, 2023 · Ed Kemper stands at a towering height of 6 ft 9 inches. Furthermore, he has a shockingly high IQ of 136. The post Ed Kemper Today: Where Is the Co-Ed Killer Now? appeared first on ComingSoon.net - ... Kemper had applied to become a state trooper, but he was rejected because of his size — he weighed around 300 pounds and was 6 feet 9 inches tall, which led to his nickname “Big Ed.” However, he did hang around some of the Santa Cruz police officers.If you’re a teenager in Texas looking to get your driver’s license, you’ve probably heard of Aceable Drivers Ed. With its user-friendly online course and innovative approach to dri...Testifying as the first defense witness in Ed Kemper’s trial, Allyn Kemper, 22, revealed under cross examination that both she and her mother thought Kemper might have been involved in the death of Cynthia Schall. ... Men back then weren’t as tall as they are today, more hormones possibly in foods. Edmund Kemper Stories (Post author ...Ed Kemper. On January 7, 1973, serial killer Ed Kemper picked up 18-year-old hitchhiker and college student Cindy Schall in Aptos, California. After driving her to a secluded area, Kemper forced her into the trunk of his car and shot her once in the head, killing her instantly. Kemper then brought Schall’s body back to his mother’s house ...Jul 12, 2018 ... NETFLIXEven at 6 feet 5 inches tall, Sebastopol native and Analy High student Cameron Britton had to wear lifts in his shoes to portray real- ...In 2019, Oxygen dared to ask the eminently Google-able "yes or no" question, "Is the Co-Ed Killer and Mindhunter serial staple Ed Kemper still alive?" The answer was yes, and as of this writing it still is. The end. Well, it's not really the end until Kemper dies, though one might argue that a fundamental part of him died decades ago.During the two-hour special "Kemper on Kemper: Inside the Mind of a Serial Killer," former investigator with the Santa Cruz Public Defender's Office Harold Cartwright opened up about what it was like working on "Co-Ed Killer" Ed Kemper's defense team."Tell you a little bit about my interaction with Eddy, with Ed Kemper," said Cartwright. "One …Jun 14, 2019 · The height of a serial killer certainly does not determine their level of maliciousness. Edmund Kemper towered at an intimidating 6' 10" while Charles Manson sat at a miniscule 5' 2". Nevertheless, it's fascinating to learn the heights of the most famous serial killers; it gives a little insight... Edmund Kemper, also known as the Co-Ed Killer, was an American serial killer active in the 1970s. He was born on December 18, 1948, in Burbank, California. Kemper’s height is often noted due to his towering stature, standing at an imposing 6 feet 9 inches tall.Murder campaign. Kemper worked a series of odd jobs before securing work with the State of California's Department of Public Works/Division of Highways in District 4 (now known …Murders A-Z is a collection of true crime stories that take an in-depth look at both little-known and infamous murders throughout history. At 6-foot, 9-inches tall, weighing in at over 250 pounds, Ed Kemper, who became known as the “Co-Ed Killer,” was an imposing figure. His menacing size, however, was undercut by his bookish appearance and thoughtful demeanor. When Kemper opened his mouth ...Oct 15, 2021 ... Speaking exclusively to DailyMail.com, 'father of serial killer profiling' John Douglas described his chilling encounter 1973 with Kemper, who ...Born in 1948 in Burbank, California, he had an alcoholic mother named Clarnell who inflicted deep psychological wounds. When Kemper was about 9-years-old, his parents divorced, forcing him to live with Clarnell and his two sisters, per Biography. At 10-years-old he was forced to live in the basement.The short story “On the Sidewalk Bleeding” by Ed McBain tells the story of Andy, who bleeds to death after being stabbed. Andy is a 16-year-old boy who belongs to a gang called the...On January 7, 1973, Kemper killed a fourth female hitchhiker, 18-year-old Cynthia Ann Schall, after driving the college student to a secluded spot and shooting her to death. The following month, Kemper murdered Rosalind Heather Thorpe, 23, and Alice Helen Lie, 20, by shooting both of them with a .22 caliber pistol.Ed Kemper: the true story of the serial killer portrayed by Cameron Britton in Mindhunter ... Kemper attended college and even applied to join the police force. But due to his height – 6ft 9in ...At 6 foot 9 inches tall, and weighing well over 250 pounds, the bespectacled killer’s imposing size belies a keen intelligence and disarmingly affable personal manner. …According to Kemper himself, his father forgave him during their 1971 reunion. In June 1971, Ed Kemper tries to get in touch with his father whom he has not seen since his imprisonment at Atascadero. He manages to find his address and telephone number through the electricians’ union directory in Los Angeles. His father refuses to …Nov 22, 2022 · With a height of 6-foot-9 and a weight of 280 pounds, it's no surprise that some people began calling him "Big Ed." He hated his mother, but he was not ready to kill her just yet. Still, his bloodlust was insatiable — between 1972 and 1973, Kember killed six female students who were hitchhiking, Murderpedia reports. 26 October 2023 by Reyan Mishra. The case of Edmund Kemper is an exceptional story by any measure in any part of the world. He was a man who was haunted by his very own self graduating from a troubled murderous teenage boy to a sadistic serial killer whose only way to stop himself was matricide. Standing 6’9’’ tall, Ed Kemper was highly ...

Edmund Kemper was 24 at the time he went on trial for the murder of eight victims Credit: ... Kemper is known for his height - he stands 6 ft, 9 in tall and weights over 250 pounds. His reported .... Lawrence jones net worth

how tall was ed kemper

How tall is Ed Kemper? 6 feet 9 inches, or 2.06 meters. Is Ed Kemper married? No. Who are Ed Kemper's parents? Edmund Kemper Sr. and Clarnell Kemper. Who are Ed Kemper's relatives? Edmund Kemper I (Grandparent) and Maude Kemper (Grandparent) More from this person. More to explore. Photos. Hollywood Power Couples. See the gallery.Edmund Kemper - 6'9" Edmund Kemper was an absolute mountain of a man. ‘The Co-Ed Killer’ towered over everyone he met. Understandably, prison guards were wary of him …Kemper, who is 6ft, 9 in tall, was convicted in 1973 and received eight life sentences. ... Where is Ed Kemper now? He was found guilty of first degree murder on 8 November 1973 and was sent to a ...Oct 19, 2021 · Ed Kemper was intelligent and affable. New Africa/Shutterstock. According to John Douglas, he was astonished by Ed Kemper's intelligence and attention to detail. Kemper's IQ is at 145, and he also retained small details about the crimes he committed. "His recall was amazing — the details, the weather the day of each crime, what the victim was ... In this chilling documentary, we examine the disturbing case of Edmund Kemper, a serial killer known as the "Co-ed Killer." Between 1964 and 1973, Kemper mur...By the time Kemper was an adult, he grew to an impressive 6 feet 9 inches tall and weighed 250 pounds. His beastly size did little to dissuade his victims from getting into his car for their last ride. Like most serial killers, Kemper discovered his love for torture and hurting things at a young age. At the age of 10, Ed Kemper was an ...Kemper is six-foot-nine and reportedly has an IQ of 145. When he was 15, he murdered both of his grandparents and was sent to the criminally insane unit of the Atascadero State Hospital, where he ...Mar 5, 2018 · From the documentary: "The killing of america (1981)" This is the registration card confirming that Ed Kemper’s father, Edmund Emil Kemper Jr. (II), was discharged from the army after World War II in 1945. Edmund Kemper II enlisted in the Army on June 21, 1939. He served in World War II during his enlistment. After the war he tested atomic bombs in the Pacific Proving Grounds before returning to ...Kemper had applied to become a state trooper, but he was rejected because of his size — he weighed around 300 pounds and was …Edmund Kemper was 24 at the time he went on trial for the murder of eight victims Credit: ... Kemper is known for his height - he stands 6 ft, 9 in tall and weights over 250 pounds. His reported ...The episode introduced Edmund Kemper, the serial killer based on a real-life criminal known as “Big Ed” or the “co-ed killer." What makes this all even more terrifying is that the speech ...Edmund Kemper. The 6ft 9in Serial Killer. Edmund “Ed” Kemper, also known as the “Co-ed Killer” was all around frightening in every way. At his height, anyone would look intimidating. But, he didn’t just have his menacing appearance, he was also insanely intelligent with an IQ of 145. He is the embodiment of evil and the prime example ...By the time Kemper was an adult, he grew to an impressive 6 feet 9 inches tall and weighed 250 pounds. His beastly size did little to dissuade his victims from getting into his car for their last ride. Like most serial killers, Kemper discovered his love for torture and hurting things at a young age. At the age of 10, Ed Kemper was an ...Oct 24, 2019 · Ed Kemper murdered 10 people in the 60s and 70s including his mother and her best friend. ... Standing at 6ft, 9in tall with an exceptionally high IQ, he was convicted for his crimes in 1973 after ... Elizabeth Claire Kemper (born May 2, 1980) [1] is an American actress, best known for her roles of Erin Hannon in the sitcom The Office (2009–2013) and Kimmy Schmidt in the sitcom Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (2015–2019). She has also appeared in films, notably Bridesmaids (2011), 21 Jump Street (2012), Sex Tape (2014), and Home Sweet Home ...In today’s fast-paced world, having access to reliable customer service is essential. When it comes to insurance companies, being able to reach them quickly and easily can make all...On January 7, 1973, Kemper killed a fourth female hitchhiker, 18-year-old Cynthia Ann Schall, after driving the college student to a secluded spot and shooting her to death. The following month, Kemper murdered Rosalind Heather Thorpe, 23, and Alice Helen Lie, 20, by shooting both of them with a .22 caliber pistol.Edmund Emil Kemper III was an American serial killer, serial rapist, and necromancer who murdered ten people, including his grandparents and mother. He is known to be 6 feet 9 inches tall and intellectually tall, possessing an IQ of 145.The most striking aspect of Ed Kemper is his enormous size — he stands at 6 foot 9 inches tall and clocks in at well over 250 pounds. His intimidating physical presence, however, masked a supposedly genius level IQ, capable of insightful self-analysis and, some say, dastardly acts of psychological manipulation..

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